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Virginia Tech

GEOS-4254: Integrative Earth System History

Description: Study of Earth system evolution, with a focus on critical transitions that shaped the history of the Earth, and the integration and interaction of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. Principles of system science, box models, atmospheric and oceanographic processes, microbial processes, isotopic tracers, elemental cycles, and critical transitions in Earth history, including the origin of life, changes in atmospheric composition, climatic events and mass extinctions.

Pathways: N/A

Course Hours: 3 credits

Prerequisites: GEOS-2024 or (GEOS-1014 and GEOS-1004) or (GEOS-1014 and GEOS-2104)

Required By: N/A

Corequisites: N/A

Crosslist: N/A

Repeatability: N/A

Sections Taught: 2

Average GPA: 3.29 (rounds to B+)

Strict A Rate (No A-) : 32.15%

Average Withdrawal Rate: 0.00%

Shuhai Xiao202471.5%17.9%0.0%0.0%10.7%0.0%3.292

Grade Distribution Over Time